J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs > Volume 30(4); 2021 > Article |
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Variables | Categories |
Total |
Men |
Women |
x2 or t (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% or M±SD | % or M±SD | % or M±SD | ||||
Depression | Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale-10 | ≤2 | 75.1 | 71.4 | 76.0 | 2,564.63 |
≥3 | 24.9 | 28.6 | 24.0 | (<.001) | ||
Personal system: demographic and social factors | Age (year) | 76.36±7.03 | 74.59±6.82 | 76.78±7.01 | 151.25 (<.001) | |
Educational level | ≤Elementary school | 67.0 | 35.4 | 74.5 | 154,889.63 | |
≥Middle school | 33.0 | 64.6 | 25.5 | (<.001) | ||
Yearly house income†‡ | >5,950,000 won | 65.0 | 77.3 | 62.1 | 22,529.83 | |
≤5,950,000 won | 35.0 | 22.7 | 37.9 | (<.001) | ||
Type of residential area | Metropolitan | 39.8 | 44.4 | 38.7 | 14,726.65 | |
Middle and small cities | 32.7 | 37.3 | 31.6 | (<.001) | ||
Rural area | 27.5 | 18.3 | 29.7 | |||
Personal system: health related factors | Number of chronic disease† | 0 | 16.5 | 24.2 | 14.6 | 18,046.31 |
1~2 | 57.4 | 56.0 | 57.7 | (<.001) | ||
≥3 | 26.2 | 19.8 | 27.7 | |||
Body mass index (kg/m2)† | ≥22.5 | 58.6 | 56.6 | 59.0 | 513.16 | |
<22.5 | 41.4 | 43.4 | 41.0 | (<.001) | ||
Subjective health status | Good | 17.5 | 22.4 | 16.4 | 9,873.93 | |
Moderate | 38.6 | 41.5 | 37.9 | (<.001) | ||
Poor | 43.8 | 36.2 | 45.6 | |||
Activities of daily living | Independent | 94.1 | 95.3 | 93.8 | 921.88 | |
Dependent | 5.9 | 4.7 | 6.2 | (<.001) | ||
Instrumental activities of daily living | Independent | 86.3 | 86.3 | 86.3 | 0.03 | |
Dependent | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | (0.859) | ||
Social environment system: family system factors | Number of face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 | 24.5 | 15.7 | 26.6 | 14,548.19 |
0 | 75.5 | 84.3 | 73.4 | (<.001) | ||
Number of non-face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 | 72.0 | 53.1 | 76.5 | 61,077.91 | |
0 | 28.0 | 46.9 | 23.5 | (<.001) | ||
Relation satisfaction with children†‡ | 65.99±18.02 | 63.76±21.34 | 66.46±17.20 | 57.58 (<.001) | ||
Financial support from children | Yes | 77.0 | 59.1 | 81.2 | 61,873.76 | |
No | 23.0 | 40.9 | 18.8 | (<.001) | ||
Number of surviving siblings | 2.56±2.05 | 2.42±1.93 | 2.60±2.08 | 43.18 (<.001) | ||
Social environment system: community system factors | Number of times meeting close people | Daily | 30.3 | 20.8 | 32.5 | 21,018.19 |
Weekly~Monthly | 48.6 | 49.9 | 48.2 | (<.001) | ||
Rarely | 21.2 | 29.3 | 19.2 | |||
Social activities | Yes | 63.0 | 57.6 | 64.3 | 4,332.20 | |
No | 37.0 | 42.4 | 35.7 | (<.001) | ||
Social security income | Yes | 75.1 | 73.8 | 75.4 | 330.18 | |
No | 24.9 | 26.2 | 24.6 | (<.001) | ||
Elderly care services | Used | 3.1 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 5,163.66 | |
Not used | 96.9 | 94.8 | 97.4 | (<.001) |
Variables | Categories |
Men |
Women |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression |
Non-depression |
x2 or t (p) |
Depression |
Non-depression |
x2 or t (p) | |||
% or M±SD | % or M±SD | % or M±SD | % or M±SD | |||||
Personal system: demographic and social factors | Age (year) | 74.55±6.63 | 74.61±6.90 | 1.88 (.060) | 78.43±6.70 | 76.26±7.02 | -148.10 (<.001) | |
Educational level | ≤Elementary school | 53.5 | 28.1 | 15,970.32 | 79.3 | 72.9 | 4,601.73 | |
≥Middle school | 46.5 | 71.9 | (<.001) | 20.7 | 27.1 | (<.001) | ||
Yearly house income†‡ | >5,950,000 won | 72.6 | 79.1 | 1,353.75 | 61.9 | 62.1 | 5.24 (.022) | |
≤5,950,000 won | 27.4 | 20.9 | (<.001) | 38.1 | 37.9 | |||
Type of residential area | Metropolitan | 34.3 | 48.4 | 10,916.03 | 30.8 | 41.1 | 25,322.34 | |
Middle and small cities | 52.4 | 31.3 | (<.001) | 43.7 | 27.8 | (<.001) | ||
Rural area | 13.3 | 20.3 | 25.5 | 31.1 | ||||
Personal system: health related factors | Number of chronic disease† | 0 | 10.2 | 29.8 | 15,959.87 | 10.0 | 16.0 | 17,923.96 |
1~2 | 59.1 | 54.8 | (<.001) | 53.0 | 59.1 | (<.001) | ||
≥3 | 30.7 | 15.4 | 37.1 | 24.8 | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2)† | ≥22.5 | 62.1 | 54.5 | 1,307.57 | 53.5 | 60.7 | 4,387.88 | |
<22.5 | 37.9 | 45.5 | (<.001) | 46.5 | 39.3 | (<.001) | ||
Subjective health status | Good | 5.1 | 29.3 | 38,118.67 | 4.1 | 20.3 | 161,080.48 | |
Moderate | 32.5 | 45.1 | (<.001) | 17.6 | 44.4 | (<.001) | ||
Poor | 62.4 | 25.6 | 78.3 | 35.3 | ||||
Activities of daily living | Independent | 85.8 | 99.1 | 22,162.86 | 85.1 | 96.5 | 47,528.04 | |
Dependent | 14.2 | 0.9 | (<.001) | 14.9 | 3.5 | (<.001) | ||
Instrumental activities of daily living | Independent | 68.4 | 93.5 | 30,455.02 | 72.6 | 90.7 | 58,968.80 | |
Dependent | 31.6 | 6.5 | (<.001) | 27.4 | 9.3 | (<.001) | ||
Social environment system: family system factors | Number of face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 | 12.6 | 16.9 | 790.76 | 29.7 | 25.7 | 1,820.82 |
0 | 87.4 | 83.1 | (<.001) | 70.3 | 74.3 | (<.001) | ||
Number of non-face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 | 34.9 | 60.4 | 14,789.59 | 77.4 | 76.2 | 156.88 | |
0 | 65.1 | 39.6 | (<.001) | 22.6 | 23.8 | (<.001) | ||
Relation satisfaction with children†‡ | 52.67±22.72 | 67.41±19.54 | 140.65 (<.001) | 59.44±18.94 | 68.74±15.94 | 231.54 (<.001) | ||
Financial support from children | Yes | 44.6 | 65.0 | 9,762.97 | 83.6 | 80.5 | 1,403.85 | |
No | 55.4 | 35.0 | (<.001) | 16.4 | 19.5 | (<.001) | ||
Number of surviving siblings | 2.42±2.83 | 2.42±2.97 | 0.55 (.584) | 2.06±1.91 | 2.77±2.10 | 166.00 (<.001) | ||
Social environment system: community system factors | Number of times meeting close people | Daily | 11.2 | 24.7 | 13,139.73 | 23.2 | 35.5 | 48,118.68 |
Weekly~Monthly | 45.3 | 51.8 | (<.001) | 43.7 | 49.7 | (<.001) | ||
Rarely | 43.5 | 23.6 | 33.1 | 14.9 | ||||
Social activities | Yes | 48.2 | 61.4 | 4,005.25 | 50.3 | 68.7 | 31,560.82 | |
No | 51.8 | 38.6 | (<.001) | 49.7 | 31.3 | (<.001) | ||
Social security income | Yes | 74.3 | 73.6 | 18.46 | 80.9 | 70.7 | 5,975.46 | |
No | 25.7 | 26.4 | (<.001) | 19.1 | 26.3 | (<.001) | ||
Elderly care services | Used | 6.3 | 4.7 | 299.57 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 48.26 | |
Not used | 93.7 | 95.3 | (<.001) | 97.6 | 97.4 | (<.001) |
Variables | Categories |
Women |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression |
|||||||||
Model I |
Model II |
Model III |
Model IV |
||||||
OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | ||
Age (year) | 1.05*** | (1.02~1.08) | 1.01 | (0.98~1.04) | 0.99 | (0.96~1.03) | 1.00 | (0.96~1.03) | |
Educational level | ≤Elementary school (ref.) | ||||||||
≥Middle school | 1.12 | (0.71~1.78) | 1.85* | (1.09~3.12) | 1.97* | (1.14~3.39) | 1.85* | (1.06~3.22) | |
Yearly house income | >5,950,000 won (ref.) | ||||||||
≤5,950,000 won | 1.03 | (0.72~1.47) | 0.80 | (0.54~1.21) | 0.78 | (0.51~1.18) | 0.77 | (0.51~1.18) | |
Number of chronic disease | 0 (ref.) | ||||||||
1~2 | 1.39 | (0.71~2.75) | 1.54 | (0.76~3.12) | 1.34 | (0.66~2.72) | |||
≥3 | 2.02 | (0.99~4.11) | 2.14* | (1.02~4.48) | 1.83 | (0.87~3.86) | |||
Subjective health status | Good (ref.) | ||||||||
Moderate | 1.82 | (0.72~4.59) | 2.03 | (0.79~5.21) | 2.14 | (0.82~5.53) | |||
Poor | 9.52*** | (3.94~23.00) | 10.30*** | (4.19~25.31) | 11.11*** | (4.45~27.73) | |||
Activities of daily living | Independent (ref.) | ||||||||
Dependent | 1.34 | (0.62~2.90) | 1.20 | (0.54~2.63) | 1.02 | (0.45~2.31) | |||
Instrumental activities of daily living | Independent (ref.) | ||||||||
Dependent | 2.10* | (1.18~3.74) | 2.36** | (1.30~4.28) | 2.27** | (1.24~4.17) | |||
Relation satisfaction with children | 0.97*** | (0.96~0.98) | 0.98*** | (0.96~0.99) | |||||
Financial support from children | Yes (ref.) | ||||||||
No | 0.57 | (0.30~1.07) | 0.47* | (0.25~0.92) | |||||
Number of surviving siblings | 0.90 | (0.81~1.00) | 0.90 | (0.81~1.00) | |||||
Number of face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 (ref.) | ||||||||
0 | 0.84 | (0.53~1.34) | |||||||
Number of non-face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 (ref.) | ||||||||
0 | 1.17 | (0.66~2.06) | |||||||
Number of times meeting close people | Daily (ref.) | ||||||||
Weekly~Monthly | 1.23 | (0.75~2.00) | |||||||
Rarely | 2.98*** | (1.63~5.44) | |||||||
Social activities | Yes (ref.) | ||||||||
No | 1.03 | (0.66~1.60) | |||||||
Cox & Snell R2 | .02 | .18 | .21 | .23 | |||||
Nagelkerke R2 | .03 | .26 | .31 | .34 |
Variables | Categories |
Men |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression |
|||||||||
Model I |
Model II |
Model III |
Model IV |
||||||
OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | ||
Age (year) | 1.00 | (0.94~1.05) | 0.99 | (0.93~1.05) | 0.95 | (0.88~1.02) | 0.95 | (0.88~1.03) | |
Educational level | ≤Elementary school (ref.) | ||||||||
≥Middle school | 0.77 | (0.35~1.71) | 0.87 | (0.37~2.09) | 0.63 | (0.24~1.67) | 0.52 | (0.18~1.55) | |
Yearly house income | >5,950,000 won (ref.) | ||||||||
≤5,950,000 won | 1.54 | (0.63~3.77) | 1.38 | (0.50~3.85) | 1.88 | (0.61~5.76) | 2.00 | (0.63~6.36) | |
Number of chronic disease | 0 (ref.) | ||||||||
1~2 | 0.95 | (0.32~2.86) | 1.28 | (0.39~4.18) | 1.21 | (0.35~4.26) | |||
≥3 | 1.47 | (0.40~5.36) | 1.59 | (0.39~6.51) | 1.32 | (0.29~6.01) | |||
Subjective health status | Good (ref.) | ||||||||
Moderate | 4.40 | (0.90~21.62) | 4.52 | (0.81~25.17) | 3.61 | (0.63~20.61) | |||
Poor | 10.10** | (1.96~52.01) | 8.84* | (1.51~51.79) | 5.94 | (0.95~37.09) | |||
Activities of daily living | Independent (ref.) | ||||||||
Dependent | 1.34 | (0.12~15.29) | 0.58 | (0.04~9.23) | 0.42 | (0.02~7.45) | |||
Instrumental activities of daily living | Independent (ref.) | ||||||||
Dependent | 1.04 | (0.25~4.30) | 1.47 | (0.32~6.68) | 1.83 | (0.37~9.09) | |||
Relation satisfaction with children | 0.97** | (0.95~0.99) | 0.97* | (0.95~1.00) | |||||
Financial support from children | Yes (ref.) | ||||||||
No | 2.28 | (0.82~6.34) | 1.70 | (0.52~5.49) | |||||
Number of surviving siblings | 0.79 | (0.60~1.03) | 0.79 | (0.59~1.06) | |||||
Number of face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 (ref.) | ||||||||
0 | 0.38 | (0.10~1.52) | |||||||
Number of non-face-to-face contact children per a week | ≥1 (ref.) | ||||||||
0 | 2.25 | (0.66~7.70) | |||||||
Number of times meeting close people | Daily (ref.) | ||||||||
Weekly~Monthly | 0.98 | (0.29~3.34) | |||||||
Rarely | 1.81 | (0.47~6.95) | |||||||
Social activities | Yes (ref.) | ||||||||
No | 1.18 | (0.37~3.76) | |||||||
Cox & Snell R2 | .01 | .12 | .22 | .25 | |||||
Nagelkerke R2 | .02 . | .37 | .34 |
A Study on the Experience of Depression in Elderly Women Living Alone.2016 September;25(3)